Jim's Old Soldier

The Duke of Wellington's army

2011-11-24T12:08:00.000-05:00

Wow, I can't imagine all the effort that went into this!

Skeeter Davis - The End Of The World (1963)

2011-09-25T19:39:00.000-04:00

Everly Brothers - All I Have To Do Is Dream

2011-09-25T19:34:00.000-04:00

The Crests - Sixteen Candles (Digitally Remastered)

2011-09-25T19:32:00.000-04:00

Drew Carey Show - Five O'Clock World

2011-09-11T12:58:00.000-04:00

I have a job, thank heaven!

The Four Feathers - Battle of El Gubat

2011-08-28T17:34:00.000-04:00

British Defeat at Isandlwana

2011-08-28T17:27:00.000-04:00

Eat Healthier and Save With Kellogg's

2011-08-21T21:13:00.000-04:00

RealNetworks At Work

2011-08-19T17:44:00.002-04:00

Songs for Japan

2011-08-18T20:30:00.002-04:00

At Last - the Way!

2011-08-17T12:42:00.001-04:00

Do You Play?

2011-08-17T12:02:00.002-04:00

Kodak EasyShare C143 12MP Green Digital Camera with Bundle

2011-08-09T17:13:00.001-04:00

Whether it?s for you, or a gift for someone else, the C143 is perfect for sharing your memories. This bundle includes a Kodak EasyShare C143 12MP Green Digital Camera with two (2) rechargeable batteries, wall charger and a matching case.

Display: 2.7-inch TFT LCD

Resolution: 12 megapixels

Zoom: 3x optical, 5x digital

Shutter speed: 1/1400 seconds

Frames per second: 30

Memory: 32MB integrated, SD Memory Card (not included)

Picture format: JPEG

Video format: AVI

Interface: 1 x USB, 1 x Composite video/audio output

Power: 2 x AA battery

Color: Green

Model: EasyShare C143

Included items: Kodak EasyShare C143, 2 x rechargeable batteries, wall charger, case

Dimensions: 3.7 inches wide x 2.4 inches high x 1.2 inches deep

Weight: 6.1 ounces

Dimensions:See description

Warranty:1 year Limited Manufacturer

Materials:Plastic

Model No:C143

All for $59.99 (plus $7.50 shipping) while supplies last.

See all the great details when you visit my

Digital Photography - One Of My Favorite Subjects

2011-08-09T16:34:00.002-04:00

A Fascinating Read

2011-08-09T16:31:00.002-04:00

Eve of destruction- Barry McGuire.- original version

2011-08-08T18:42:00.001-04:00

Ricky Nelson - Travelin' Man 1961

2011-08-08T18:40:00.001-04:00

MR. BASS MAN ~ Johnny Cymbal 1963.wmv

2011-08-08T18:36:00.001-04:00

JAN & DEAN- "LINDA" (A VIDEO FOR LINDA!)

2011-08-08T18:33:00.001-04:00

SAM THE SHAM AND THE PHARAOHS

2011-08-07T13:03:00.003-04:00

Visit an Online Casino
Click Here!here. Good luck.

Little Red Riding Hood - Sam The Sham & The Pharaohs

2011-08-07T12:50:00.000-04:00

Mungo Jerry - In The Summertime - Good sound

2011-08-05T17:17:00.001-04:00

Battle 19. The Return of Napoleon 1815. WarHammer Napoleonic. 28mm.

2011-08-05T17:05:00.001-04:00

Memories of Toys Past

2011-08-02T19:57:00.000-04:00

I had so many....

Terrific Buy On A Coleman Instant 8-person Tent

2011-07-29T14:19:00.002-04:00

Coleman Instant 8-person Tent

Ideal for family car campers, scout leaders and extended camping excursions this Instant Tent from Coleman is easy to transport and set up. This tent features an eight-person capacity and fits two queen airbeds.

Capacity: 8 person

Two rooms

Closure: Zipper

Footprint: 14 feet x 8 feet

Exclusive WeatherTec System

76-inch center height

Built in pockets

Fits two queen airbeds

Poles are pre-attached to the tent

Spacious interior

Tent is fully taped, no need for separate rain fly

Materials: Heavy duty, 150D fabric

Dimensions: 6.5 feet high x 14 feet wide x 8 feet deep

Model: 2000007832

Dimensions:See description

Warranty:1 year Limited Manufacturer

Materials:150D fabric

Model No:2000007832

$199.99 plus $7.50 shipping

While supplies last.

Terrific-Looking Toy Soldiers Are Everywhere!

2011-07-26T17:04:00.000-04:00

This is the scale I grew up playing with, but since I live in an apartment

I entertain figures half that size and less. Believe it or not, I even

have 2mm armies! boy, what I wouldn't do for a

house with a war room.

Latte ICE M Blue 8GB MP3 Player - Free Shipping in USA!

2011-07-19T14:55:00.001-04:00

This stylish MP3 player from Latte showcases an OLED screen with a simple interface. This MP3 player features 8GB of memory, and external microSD slot and a built-in FM radio.

$52.95 While supplies last.

OLED screen with simple interface

Built-in 8GB memory for up to 2000 songs

External Micro SD slot (up to 16GB)

Built-in FM Radio and FM transmitter

Integrated voice and FM radio recorder with built-in microphone

Up to 10 hours of music playback

Software: Windows Media Player 11

Compatibility: MP3, WMA, RM/RMVB, MPEG 4, FLAC, AVI, WAV, AAC

Dimensions: 2.9 inches high x 1.2 inches wide x 0.5 inch deep

Warranty:

1 year Limited Manufacturer

Materials:

Electronic component

Model No:

LP-ICEM8GBLU

Free Shipping within the USA - While Supplies Last!

Just visit my store and order.

The Music Man "Seventy-Six Trombones" (finale) + lyrics link

2011-07-16T13:36:00.001-04:00

It's Not Fantasy If You Use The Pockets!

2011-07-16T13:10:00.000-04:00

James Cagney Dancing Down Staircase

2011-07-14T16:48:00.000-04:00

Just great!

Cagney/Cohan, "Over There", from Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942)

2011-07-14T16:46:00.000-04:00

Hit the road Jack!

2011-07-14T16:39:00.000-04:00

THE PENGUINS - EARTH ANGEL

2011-07-14T16:22:00.000-04:00

Napoleon in 1:72

2011-07-04T20:48:00.000-04:00

Cotton 'Emerald Thai' Shoulder Bag (Thailand) - For Your girlfriend!

2011-07-03T15:12:00.000-04:00

$39.99 while supplies last and Free Shipping!

This handmade creation is offered in partnership with NOVICA, in association with National Geographic.

Mighty and regal elephants march around this shoulder bag. This beautifully handcrafted handbag is made for a cotton blend with rain tree wood and coconut accents.

Product Features:

Lined interior

One pocket

Adorned with brocade and trimmed with rain tree wood and coconut shell button

90-percent cotton/10 percent polyester

Hand wash in cold water

Bag measures 11 inches high x 10.2 inches wide x 4.7 inches deep

Strap measures 33.9 inches long x 0.8 inches wide

Story Behind the Art:

Jiap Rojjana's parents are poor farmers who worked hard to send their children to school. 'However, I knew it would be too much for them to send us to university. When I heard there were jobs in northern Thailand, I set off. The idea of working with textiles came after visiting a silk shop. The colors and patterns mesmerized me! I bought some cloth to make myself a dress. With scrap pieces, I made a few cushions and gave them to a friend, who liked them so much she ordered more for her friends. So it started. Eventually, I became able to support my two children and even had some money left over to send to my family.'

The handcrafted nature of this product will produce minor differences in design and sizing. Subtle variations will occur from piece to piece, adding to its unique qualities. Measurements may vary slightly.

Imported

Ships Carbon Neutral*

Please allow 10 business days for the product to leave our warehouse and to receive tracking information. You should expect to receive this item within 15 business days of the order date.

Dimensions:Please see description

Materials:90% cotton, 10% polyester, rain tree wood and coconut s

Model No:161783

Coleman Xtreme 12MP Waterproof Blue Digital Camera

2011-07-03T14:37:00.002-04:00

Take amazing pictures with this Coleman 12-megapixel digital camera. This camera is waterproof up to 33 feet and has a 2.7-inch LCD and a rechargeable lithium battery that can last for hours.

$89.95 while supplies last and Free Shipping!

Display: 2.7-inch LCD

Resolution: 12 megapixels

Zoom: 8x digital

Frames per second: 30fps

Memory: 16MB integrated, Micro SD card (not included)

Picture format: JPG

Video format: AVI

Interface: USB 2.0

Power: Lithium battery

Color: Blue

Model: C5WP-BL

Included items: Camera, lithium battery, hand strap, camera case, instruction manual, image editing software, USB cable, charger

Dimensions: 4.2 inches wide x 2.5 inches high x 1 inch deep

Weight: 1 pound

Indoor Culinary Herb Garden Starter Kit

2011-06-19T12:13:00.001-04:00

I have a small herb garden on my terrace, so I look out for these things. Let me know of your experiences.

Indoor culinary herb garden kit is designed to help you start herbs in your own kitchen

Compact greenhouse fits on any windowsill or patio

Herb greenhouse provides the perfect climate for fast propagation

In just a few weeks you will have herb plants

Includes:

Assortment of twelve (12) culinary herb seeds; parsley, thyme, cilantro/coriander, basil, dill, oregano, sweet marjoram, chives, savory, garlic chives, mustard and sage

Package of fifty (50) jiffy peat pellets

Jiffy greenhouse dome and garden tray

Culinary herb eBook on CD-ROM

Comprehensive laminated instructions

Earth Friendly

Dimensions:4 x 12 x 12 Inches

Materials:Garden Seeds

Model No:K5-1

While supplies last.

Napoleon Total War: Battle at the Pyramids

2011-04-23T12:52:00.000-04:00

Napoleon Total War Marching Music Mod

2011-04-23T12:51:00.000-04:00

Invicta Watches Are Distinctive - Here's One For You

2011-04-21T17:28:00.002-04:00

Invicta Men's Automatic Pro Diver G3 Watch

Whether on land or at sea, this Limited Release Automatic Pro Diver, by Invicta, is the perfect way to mark time!

Case: Stainless steel and 23 Kt yellow gold plating

Dial Color: Blue

Coin Edge Bezel

Dial markings: Goldtone dots and index hour markers

Bracelet: Stainless steel and 23 Kt yellow gold plating

Clasp Type: Deployment

Calendar: Date display at 3:00

Japanese automatic movement

Crystal: Mineral

Water resistant to 200 meters

Case Dimensions: 43mm wide x 14mm thick

Bracelet Dimensions: 20mm wide x 9.5 inches long

Special Features:

•Luminous hands and hour markers

•Sweep second hand

•Blue unidirectional coin edge bezel

•See thru skeleton case back

All measurements are approximate and may vary slightly from the listed information.

Men's watch bands can be sized to fit 8.5 inch to 9.5 inch wrists. Extra links are available through the manufacturer. (We do not provide this service).

This watch is powered by automatic movement which means the winding of the spring occurs automatically when the wearer moves his arm. However, it is recommended that you manually wind the watch at least once every two weeks. It is also important to adjust the time once a month as automatic movement can gain or lose a few minutes a month.

Please Note: Watch may NOT be returned if security tag is removed Dimensions:Case: 43mm wide x 14mm thick

Warranty:1 year Limited Manufacturer

Materials:Two tone

Model No:8928OB

$99.95 + free shipping!

While supplies last.

Young Winston -1972-Battle of Omdurman

2010-12-30T16:51:00.000-05:00

Khartoum - Battle in the Desert

2010-12-30T16:47:00.000-05:00

Still one of my favorite movies. I particularly like the introduction.

The Battle of EL GUBAT, 3D anim version test using " Thera A New Beginn...

2010-12-29T15:26:00.000-05:00

The Four Feathers - Battle of El Gubat

2010-12-29T15:24:00.000-05:00

Introduction to Historical Military Miniatures Wargaming

2010-11-29T16:07:00.000-05:00

Empire: Total War - Napoleon in Italy

2010-11-28T14:54:00.000-05:00

Great graphics - I hope Santa is watching.

HBO: Rome - Battle of Philippi

2010-11-26T14:16:00.000-05:00

Napoleon in 1:72

2010-11-26T14:08:00.000-05:00

Visit my store for more!

Battle of Waterloo - 18th June 1815, Wargame Project 2008

2010-11-26T14:00:00.000-05:00

Want to read more about this? Visit my store.

"Khartoum": One of the movies that started me in military history!

2010-11-20T17:16:00.000-05:00

Visit My Military History Store. I'm sure you'll find some treasures there.

Christmas Is Coming!

2010-11-11T13:54:00.002-05:00

The Victoria Cross

2010-11-11T13:32:00.000-05:00

The Victoria Cross – It's British History

The Victoria Cross is the highest gallenatry medal given to the British and Commonwealth Armed Forces. Mr. Charles Davis Lucas was the first recipient of the Victoria Cross in 1857. The bravery of the soldiers is second to non.

The Chinese call Britain 'The Island of Hero's' which I think sums up what we British are all about. We British are inquisitive and competitive and are always looking over the horizon to the next adventure and discovery.

The idea of the Victoria Cross had been sufficiently aroused by Prince Albert and Queen Victoria and Lord Panmure, the new Secretary of State for War, continued to correspond with Prince Albert on the subject. Queen Victoria herself was actively involved in the proposals. On the original draft warrant it had already been decided that the award should carry her name. The Civil Service proposed that the award should be called 'the Military Order of Victoria', Prince Albert thought that this was rather long-winded and on making pencil alterations to the draft document scored through the word Order and suggested instead 'the Victoria Cross'. Queen Victoria showed a lot of interest especially in the design of the Cross. From the original drawings that were submitted to her, the Queen selected one that was closely modelled on an existing campaign medal, the Army Gold Cross from the Peninsular War.

Queen Victoria suggested that the Cross should be 'a little smaller'. The Queen also made a significant alteration to the motto, scoring out 'for the brave' and replacing it with 'for valour', in case anyone should come to the conclusion that the only brave men in a battle were those who won the cross. Hancock's of Bruton Street, London, jewellers who had a high reputation for silver work received the commission from Lord Panmure for the new medal. It had already been decided that the new decoration would be made of base metal. The first proof that Queen Victoria received was not at all to her taste. 'The Cross looks very well in form, but the metal is ugly; it is copper and not bronze and will look very heavy on a red coat'.

An unknown person perhaps inspired by Queen Victoria's remarks made the suggestion that it would be fitting to take the bronze for the new medals from Russian guns captured in the Crimea. Two 18-pounders were placed at the disposal of an engineer who was sent off to Woolwich Barracks. The two 18-pounder guns were clearly of an antique design and were found to be inscribed with very un-Russian characters. Many years had passed before it was pointed out that the 'VC guns' were in fact Chinese and not Russian as was first thought, and may or may not have been anywhere near the Crimea. The dies which Hancock's used began to crack up, this was as a result of the Chinese gunmetal being so hard. It was therefore decided to cast the medals instead, this fortunately turned out to be a lucky chance as it resulted in higher relief and more depth in the moulding than would have been possible with a die-stamped medal.

It was not until the 29th January 1856 when a Royal Warrant was finally signed instituting the Victoria Cross. Queen Victoria had made it plain to Lord Panmure that she herself wished to bestow her new award on as many of the recipients as possible. The Queen decided that the 26th June 1857 was a suitable date and that a grand parade was to be laid on in Hyde Park and that she would 'herself' attend on horseback. Preparations for the great day were made, the final list of recipients being published in the London Gazette on the 22nd June 1857. Hancock's the jewellers had to work around the clock to engrave the names of the recipients on the Crosses. Those who were to receive the award from the Queen had somehow to be found and then rushed to London, together with detachments of the units in which they had served. Some of the recipients were not in uniform for the ceremony, this was as a result of them having left the services. Regardless, the Queen herself was well satisfied with the arrangements. Public interest in the ceremony on the 26th was intense. At an early hour crowds of well dressed sightseers swarmed into Hyde Park, where a vast amphitheatre of seats, capable of accomodating 12,000 persons had been erected. In the centre stood a simple table, on which were laid the bronze Maltese crosses, their red and blue ribbons being the only patches of colour that caught the eye. In front, a body of 4,000 troops, consisting of the corps d'elite of the army - Guards, Highlanders, Royal Marines, the Rifle Brigade, Enniskillens, and Hussars, Artillery and Engineers - was drawn up. Between them and the Royal Pavilion stood the small group of heroes-sixty-two in number-who were to be decorated. At 10 a.m. the Queen, the Prince Consort, Prince Frederick William of Prussia, and a brilliant train, rode into the Park. The Queen, mounted on a gallant and spirited roan, and wearing a scarlet jacket, black shirt, and plumed hat, rode up to the table, but did not dismount. One by one each hero was summoned to her presence, and bending from her saddle, her Majesty pinned the Cross on his breast with her own hands, whilst the Prince Consort saluted him with grave and respectful courtesy. As each soldier or sailor was decorated, the vast concourse of spectators cheered and clapped their hands. Whether he were an officer whose breast was already glittering with stars and orders, or a humble private or Jack Tar whose rough tunic carried no more resplendent embellishment than the ordinary war medal. But of all the cheers none were heartier than those which were given for a man who, when called out, stepped forward arrayed in what was then the grotesque and pacific garb of an ordinary policeman.

Since the Victoria Cross was created the medal has been awarded 1,356 times to 1,353 individual recipients. Only 13 medals, nine to the British Army and four to the Australian Army have been awarded since the start of the Korean War. The first ceremony was held on 26 June 1857 where Queen Victoria invested 62 of the 111 Crimean recipients in a ceremony in Hyde Park. Charles Davis Lucas was the first recipient.

Please visit my Funny Animal Art Prints Collection @ http://www.fabprints.com

My other website is called Directory of British Icons: http://fabprints.webs.com

The Chinese call Britain 'The Island of Hero's' which I think sums up what we British are all about. We British are inquisitive and competitive and are always looking over the horizon to the next adventure and discovery.

Copyright © 2010 Paul Hussey. All Rights Reserved.

About the Author

My family tree has been traced back to the early Kings of England from the 7th Century AD. I am also a direct descendent of Sir Christopher Wren which has given me an interest in English History which is great fun to research.

I have recently decided to write articles on my favourite subjects: English Sports, English History, English Icons, English Discoveries and English Inventions. At present I have written over 100 articles which I call "An Englishman's Favourite Bits Of England" in various Volumes. Please visit my Blogs page http://Bloggs.Resourcez.Com where I have listed all my articles to date.

Copyright © 2010 Paul Hussey. All Rights Reserved.

(ArticlesBase SC #2616860)

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/ - The Victoria Cross – It's British History

The Victoria Cross is the highest gallenatry medal given to the British and Commonwealth Armed Forces. Mr. Charles Davis Lucas was the first recipient of the Victoria Cross in 1857. The bravery of the soldiers is second to non.

The Chinese call Britain 'The Island of Hero's' which I think sums up what we British are all about. We British are inquisitive and competitive and are always looking over the horizon to the next adventure and discovery.

The idea of the Victoria Cross had been sufficiently aroused by Prince Albert and Queen Victoria and Lord Panmure, the new Secretary of State for War, continued to correspond with Prince Albert on the subject. Queen Victoria herself was actively involved in the proposals. On the original draft warrant it had already been decided that the award should carry her name. The Civil Service proposed that the award should be called 'the Military Order of Victoria', Prince Albert thought that this was rather long-winded and on making pencil alterations to the draft document scored through the word Order and suggested instead 'the Victoria Cross'. Queen Victoria showed a lot of interest especially in the design of the Cross. From the original drawings that were submitted to her, the Queen selected one that was closely modelled on an existing campaign medal, the Army Gold Cross from the Peninsular War.

Queen Victoria suggested that the Cross should be 'a little smaller'. The Queen also made a significant alteration to the motto, scoring out 'for the brave' and replacing it with 'for valour', in case anyone should come to the conclusion that the only brave men in a battle were those who won the cross. Hancock's of Bruton Street, London, jewellers who had a high reputation for silver work received the commission from Lord Panmure for the new medal. It had already been decided that the new decoration would be made of base metal. The first proof that Queen Victoria received was not at all to her taste. 'The Cross looks very well in form, but the metal is ugly; it is copper and not bronze and will look very heavy on a red coat'.

An unknown person perhaps inspired by Queen Victoria's remarks made the suggestion that it would be fitting to take the bronze for the new medals from Russian guns captured in the Crimea. Two 18-pounders were placed at the disposal of an engineer who was sent off to Woolwich Barracks. The two 18-pounder guns were clearly of an antique design and were found to be inscribed with very un-Russian characters. Many years had passed before it was pointed out that the 'VC guns' were in fact Chinese and not Russian as was first thought, and may or may not have been anywhere near the Crimea. The dies which Hancock's used began to crack up, this was as a result of the Chinese gunmetal being so hard. It was therefore decided to cast the medals instead, this fortunately turned out to be a lucky chance as it resulted in higher relief and more depth in the moulding than would have been possible with a die-stamped medal.

It was not until the 29th January 1856 when a Royal Warrant was finally signed instituting the Victoria Cross. Queen Victoria had made it plain to Lord Panmure that she herself wished to bestow her new award on as many of the recipients as possible. The Queen decided that the 26th June 1857 was a suitable date and that a grand parade was to be laid on in Hyde Park and that she would 'herself' attend on horseback. Preparations for the great day were made, the final list of recipients being published in the London Gazette on the 22nd June 1857. Hancock's the jewellers had to work around the clock to engrave the names of the recipients on the Crosses. Those who were to receive the award from the Queen had somehow to be found and then rushed to London, together with detachments of the units in which they had served. Some of the recipients were not in uniform for the ceremony, this was as a result of them having left the services. Regardless, the Queen herself was well satisfied with the arrangements. Public interest in the ceremony on the 26th was intense. At an early hour crowds of well dressed sightseers swarmed into Hyde Park, where a vast amphitheatre of seats, capable of accomodating 12,000 persons had been erected. In the centre stood a simple table, on which were laid the bronze Maltese crosses, their red and blue ribbons being the only patches of colour that caught the eye. In front, a body of 4,000 troops, consisting of the corps d'elite of the army - Guards, Highlanders, Royal Marines, the Rifle Brigade, Enniskillens, and Hussars, Artillery and Engineers - was drawn up. Between them and the Royal Pavilion stood the small group of heroes-sixty-two in number-who were to be decorated. At 10 a.m. the Queen, the Prince Consort, Prince Frederick William of Prussia, and a brilliant train, rode into the Park. The Queen, mounted on a gallant and spirited roan, and wearing a scarlet jacket, black shirt, and plumed hat, rode up to the table, but did not dismount. One by one each hero was summoned to her presence, and bending from her saddle, her Majesty pinned the Cross on his breast with her own hands, whilst the Prince Consort saluted him with grave and respectful courtesy. As each soldier or sailor was decorated, the vast concourse of spectators cheered and clapped their hands. Whether he were an officer whose breast was already glittering with stars and orders, or a humble private or Jack Tar whose rough tunic carried no more resplendent embellishment than the ordinary war medal. But of all the cheers none were heartier than those which were given for a man who, when called out, stepped forward arrayed in what was then the grotesque and pacific garb of an ordinary policeman.

Since the Victoria Cross was created the medal has been awarded 1,356 times to 1,353 individual recipients. Only 13 medals, nine to the British Army and four to the Australian Army have been awarded since the start of the Korean War. The first ceremony was held on 26 June 1857 where Queen Victoria invested 62 of the 111 Crimean recipients in a ceremony in Hyde Park. Charles Davis Lucas was the first recipient.

Young Winston -1972-Battle of Omdurman

2010-11-09T17:07:00.000-05:00

Napoleon in 1:72

2010-11-09T16:55:00.000-05:00

Fury in Italy: Garibaldi’s Campaign in Italy 1860-62

2010-11-06T19:38:00.000-04:00

By Brian Bradford

The following is an adaptation of the Fire and Furia Francese variant by Nick Dorrell for the Garibaldi campaign in Italy from 1860-62. You will need a copy of the basic Fire and Fury rule set and Fire and Furia Francese in order to use this variant. F&FF may be found in Wargames Illustrated no. 119.

The organization presented in this variant utilizes my modifications for cavalry sizes. Please see the end of this variant for details on this change.

ARMIES OF THE WAR

Garibaldist

Weapons: Early in the conflict most of Garibaldi’s troops were armed with obsolete smoothbore muskets. However, with the conquests of Garibaldi and military backing by Piedmont, the Garibaldi troops were soon armed with a variety of muzzle loading rifled muskets. These are all classed as MLR. Still, there were some units, particularly the National Guards and Sicilian volunteers, who still carried smoothbore muskets.

What little cavalry there was in the Garibaldi force was armed with pistols and carbines and may not dismount.

There was also very little artillery in the Garibaldi force. What artillery there was consisted of obsolete smoothbore pieces and captured enemy guns. There was, however, one battery of Whitworth guns that was brought by D. Dowling. In F&FF class all guns as smoothbore (SA), while the single Whitworth battery is breechloading (BLA).

Tactical Doctrine: Garibaldi had several battalions of light troops. These troops may use skirmish tactics. Brigades that have skirmishing ability have been noted in the organization below along with how many stands possible in parenthesis. If a brigade sends out skirmishers it will deduct the number shown from the rest of the unit. They still count for their brigade’s effectiveness. In addition, these stands are increased by 50% of the total while skirmishing (units with only a single stand get two).

The rest of the army was influenced by the Piedmont tactical system and receive a +1 for assault tactics in attack column. All Garibaldi troops are impetuous when within command range of Garibaldi.

Troop Quality: The army as a whole should be counted as green, with some volunteers and National Guards being classed as levy and the initial 1,000 red shirts, cavalry, and Genoese Carbineers being classed as veteran.

Leadership: Garibaldi is rated as an exceptional army commander. Medici should be rated as an exceptional division commander. There are a few excellent brigade commanders, such as Rustow and Dunne, with the majority being average. There should be no poor leaders.

Organization: The following organization is for the later stages of the war. Two scales are provided. The first value is for the 1:200 (133 for cavalry) scale and the second is for the 1:300 (200 for cavalry) scale. Due to the smaller numbers involved in this conflict I recommend that a 1:200 scale ratio be used. The units here represent brigades. The cavalry has been amalgamated for simplicity.

Army HQ: 1 Leader (Garibaldi)

4 Infantry Divisions each:

1 Leader

2 – 5 Infantry Brigades (see below)

1 Foot Battery

1 Cavalry unit of 2 stands / 1 or 2 stands (see notes)

Brigades

15th Division

Sacchi: 10 stands / 7 stands LN

Milano: 6 stands (1 may skirmish) / 4 stands (1) LN

Eber: 15 stands (2 may skirmish) / 10 stands (2) LN

Assanti: 13 stands (2 may skirmish) / 9 stands (2) LN

16th Division

Milbitz: 15 stands / 10 stands LN/NG

La Masa: 6 stands / 4 stands NG

17th Division

Simonetta (Medici): 12 stands / 8 stands LN

Corte: 3 stands / 2 stands LN

Spangaro: 10 stands (3 may skirmish; Genoese skirmishers) / 6 stands (2) LN

Dunne: 5 stands / 3 stands LN

Eberhardt: 7 stands / 5 stands VOL

18th Division

Spinazzi: 3 stands (3 may skirmish) / 2 stands (2) LN

Dezza: 10 stands / 7 stands VOL

Fabrizi: 8 stands / 5 stands VOL

Notes:

The organization above is typical of Garibaldi’s force. The brigades represent those at the Battle of the River Volturno.

Garibaldi’s cavalry consisted of just over 300 men. It has been adjusted here to fit with the game scale. There is only one such unit.

Only one artillery battery may be Whitworth.

Here is an example of how skirmishing affects a unit. Brigade Assanti can put 2 of its 13 stands into skirmish. If this is done the 2 stands are taken from the 13 and increased by 50% (3). There will now be a main body of 11 stands and a skirmish unit of 3 stands. The skirmish stands still count towards effectiveness for the brigade.

Next to each brigade in bold print is an abbreviation telling what type of troops the brigade has: National Guard (NG), Volunteer (VOL), Line (LN). Line troops should be the best armed, followed by the National Guard and then the volunteers.

Piedmontese

Piedmont finally committed its army in late 1860. Two Army Corps were sent to invade the Papal States. Please refer to the 1859 supplement for details on weapons, tactical doctrines, troop quality, and leadership.

There was a change in the cavalry structure. Six new lancer regiments were added to the cavalry organization, giving 17 regiments. Each of these was approximately 400-450 strong.

Piedmontese Army in Italy 1:200 / 1:300

Army HQ: 1 Leader

Army attached: 2 Foot Batteries / 1 or 2 Foot Batteries

4 Infantry Divisions each:

1 Leader

4 Infantry Regiments of 8 stands each / 5 stands each

1 Converged Besaglieri unit of 4(6) stands / 3(4) stands

1 Lancer Regiment of 3 stands / 2 stands

2 Foot Batteries / 1 Foot Battery

1 Infantry Division:

1 Leader

2 Infantry Regiments of 8 stands each / 5 stands each

2 Converged Besaglieri units of 4(6) stands each / 3(4) stands each

2 Horse Regiments of 3 stands each / 2 stands each

2 Foot Batteries / 1 Foot Battery

1 Infantry Division:

1 Leader

2 Grenadier Regiments of 8 stands each / 5 stands each

1 Converged Besaglieri unit of 4(6) stands / 3(4) stands

2 Foot Batteries / 1 Foot Battery

1 Reserve Division:

1 Leader

1 Converged Besaglieri unit of 6(9) stand / 4(6) stands

3 Lancer Regiments of 3 stands each / 2 stands each

2 Foot Batteries / 1 Foot Battery

Notes:

One of the Infantry Divisions did not have any lancers.

Infantry regimental sizes varied. This is an average.

Besaglieri units have been amalgamated into units for simplicity.

Naples

Weapons: All infantry are armed with rifled muskets and these are classed as MLR. Cavalry carry carbines and may never dismount. Artillery consists mostly of older smoothbore models (SA) and a few 4 and 6 pound rifled pieces (RA). 50% of the guns may be rifled.

Tactical Doctrine: Neapolitan troops followed the French example in tactics. Assault tactics may be used if in attack column. Infantry receive a –1 on the maneuver table when not in column formation. Although Naples had light battalions they were never used as such and were relegated to the role of line troops. Therefore, Neapolitan troops, with the exception of the Tiragliatori, may not skirmish.

Troop Quality: Most troops should be rated as green, while the guards and grenadiers are crack. The Tiragliatori troops should be classed as elite. Gendarmes are levy.

Leadership: Again, leadership is lacking. Fortunately there is an exceptional division commander in Von Meckel. Ruiz should be rated as poor. All others are rated as average.

Organization: The following is a 1:200 / 1:300 scale organization for the later stages of the war and represents the entire Neapolitan army at textbook strength. The units represent Regiments.

1 Guard Division:

1 Leader

2 Grenadier Regiments of 14 stands each / 9 stands each

1 Cacciatori Regiment of 14 stands / 9 stands

1 Tiragliatori Battalion of 6(9) stands / 4(6) stands

2 Hussar Regiments of 4 stands each / 3 stands each

1 or 2 Foot Batteries / 1 Foot Battery

3 or 4 Infantry Divisions each:

1 Leader

4 Infantry Regiments of 12 stands each / 8 stands each

1 or 2 Foot Batteries / 1 Foot Battery

4 Cacciatori Divisions each:

1 Leader

4 Cacciatori Battalions of 6 stands each / 4 stands each

1 or 2 Foot Batteries / 1 Foot Battery

1 or 2 Cavalry Division each:

1 Leader

4 – 7 Cavalry Regiments of 4 stands each / 3 stands each

1 Horse Battery / 0 or 1 Horse Battery

Gendarmes:

18 Infantry stands / 14 stands

5 cavalry stands / 3 stands

Notes:

Neapolitan line cavalry included 3 regiments of Dragoons, 2 Lancers, 1 Chasseur, 1 Carbineer.

Neapolitan infantry included 15 Line Regiments, 16 Cacciatori Battalions, 3 Foreign Carbineer Battalions

The Gendarmes may be used only in emergency. You may organize their stands as you wish.

The number of Divisions is estimated based on the information provided in my source and the Battle of Volturno.

Papal

Weapons: Papal infantry were armed with French model 1822 or 1842 smoothbore muskets (SB). A few infantry units carried the Belgian 1857 rifled musket (MLR). Light infantry carried a mixture of rifled muskets and these are all counted as (MLR).

The few cavalry types were armed with carbines and may not dismount.

Artillery consisted of obsolete smoothbore guns (A) and French made La Hitte 4” rifled guns. In F&FF these count as (RA). No more than 50% of the guns may be rifled.

Tactical Doctrine: The tactical doctrine was influenced by the Austrians. All infantry may use assault tactics when in attack columns. They get a –1 to the maneuver table if they are in line or supported line formation. Light units may use skirmish tactics.

Troop Quality: The majority of the army should be rated as green, while the reserves and Gendarmes are levy. Austrian Jagers, Saint Patrick Battalion, and the Pontificial Zouaves are veteran.

Leadership: The Papal troops were led by ex French officers. None were outstanding and all should be rated as average.

Organization: The following organization is in 1:200 / 1:300 scale and represents the entire Papal army at textbook strength.

“typical” Infantry Division each:

1 Leader

2 Infantry Regiments (see below)

or

4 – 6 Battalions of others (see below)

1 or 2 Foot Batteries / 1 Foot Battery

Possibly some cavalry (see notes)

Line Regiments

1st, 2nd Native Infantry: 11 stands each / 7 stands each

1st, 2nd Foreign Infantry: 11 stands each / 7 stands each

Sedentary Battalion: 6 stands / 4 stands

Light Battalions

1st, 2nd Native Chasseurs: 6(9) stands each / 4(6) stands each

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Austrian Jagers: 6 (9) stands each / 4(6) stands each

Foreign Carbineers: 6 stands / 4(6) stands

Saint Patrick: 6 stands / 4(6) stands

Pontificial Zouaves: 3(4) stands / 2(3) stands

Reserve Regiments

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Reserve Infantry: 4 – 8 stands each / 3 –5 stands each

Cavalry

Dragoons, Light Horse, Foreign volunteers: 4 stands total / 2 stands total

Artillery

9 Foot Batteries: 7 stands / 5 stands

2 Horse Batteries: 1 stand / 1 stand

Gendarmes

Rome Legion: 10 stands / 6 stands

Marche Legion: 10 stands / 6 stands

Foot Gendarmes: 5 stands / 3 stands

Horse Gendarmes: 2 stands / 1 stand

Notes:

Cavalry consisted of about 500 troopers. They have all been amalgamated for simplicity

Reserve Infantry consisted of 10 battalions. I grouped them into five regiments for simplicity

This organization is based off the Battle of Castelfidardo

Gendarmes are only called in if there is an emergency

Bibliography:

My information comes form Red Shirts by Luigi Casali. This is available from Freikorps.

Design notes:

I designed this supplement to fill in the gap after 1859 concerning Italian Unification, and since I already had Piedmontese I figured by adding some Papal and Neapolitan troops I could fight another conflict. I have yet to get my Garibaldi troops painted, but giving all the different uniform varieties amongst Garibaldi’s troops, I am sure it will be colorful. In regards to leadership I had to go by this only source and so my information is an estimate on the ability taking into account what I have read of the engagements.

The largest Battle of the war had no more than 25,000 engaged on each side, so given this I recommend using a 1:200 scale. Feel fee to play in the larger scale if you like.

SUGGESTED CHANGE TO FIRE AND FURIA FRANCESE

My problem? Now this leads me to a concern I have with Fire and Fury and Fire and Furia Francese, or “Eurofury” as I call it. I have always been concerned that cavalry frontage wasn’t represented accurately. In 1:150, 200 or 300 there is simply too many cavalry for a 1” x 1” base. 600 cavalry do not have the same frontage as 600 infantry! The F&F rules say that cavalry bases can be adjusted to a 1 ½” base, and while I see this as a solution to the ACW period, I do not see this as the solution for the European wars. The current rule cuts the affect of the cavalry arm in the European battle.

My reasoning? The origin of Furia Francese comes from a set of ACW rules where cavalry was not used for shock action. This is not true of the European wars and I think this point is missed in the variant. Cavalry tactics were still very Napoleonic in this period of European History.

Solution? I propose this rule fix: Cavalry stand’s strength should be reduced by 1/3. A unit of 600 cavalry would normally be represented by 3 bases in 1:200 scale. The affect of 200 horses is missed on a 1” x 1” stand. Instead this would be adjusted to 133 cavalry at this scale and the unit would be made of 4 stands instead.

What will this do for the game? Well, cavalry will become more effective. It will be able to survive longer, have more stands for outnumbering, and more importantly, a better ability to outflank the enemy. Some may argue that this will also increase the firepower, allowing the 133 troopers to fire like 200 infantry. However, you must remember that I am only proposing this change for the European conflicts where almost all the cavalry remained mounted and performed similarly as their ancestors did in the Napoleonic Wars. There are very few European cavalry types that may dismount in Furia Francese, so this problem should not arise often. If it does occur then have your players make a judgment call.

New cavalry strengths

Scale for Infantry: 1:150 1:200 1:300

Scale for Cavalry: 1:100 1:133 1:200

Thus, this variant has been modified accordingly. If you wish to go back to the old system then multiply all stands by 133 and divide by 200 for the number of stands.

I welcome your feedback. Please send comments to Bbradf3021@aol.com

*I look forward to trying these rules out asap - of course I have to paint my Italian troops (I have some plastic figures for this campaign).

Wargaming For Fun

2009-03-30T22:20:00.001-04:00

A Soldier for Your Trophy Case

2009-01-10T17:36:00.002-05:00

We can make a contribution...

The Battle of Pharsalus (48BC)

2009-01-10T17:20:00.002-05:00

The Die is Cast - The Battle of Pharsalus (48 BC)
Fast and Easy Rules for Students < Home > By Matt Fritz

Historical Background: Rome was the scene of civil unrest. The Senate needed a strong leader to restore order, but they feared creating a dictator. They decided to appoint three men to share command - Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus. The plan began to unravel when Crassus was killed in Egypt. This set up a power struggle between Caesar, who was in Gaul, and Pompey who was in Rome. Caesar stopped at the Rubicon River with his army. He knew that if he crossed the river it would mean civil war, a gamble that might cost him his life. With the famous words "the die is cast" he crossed the river, sparking a civil war with Pompey's supporters. The decisive battle of the war was fought in 48 BC at Pharsalus. Caesar was triumphant. Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was killed. Casesar became dictator, turning the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire in the process. Caesar was murdered four years later in 44 BC.

Battle 1: This battle has not yet been playtested.

Rules

The Armies: The battle can be played with plastic 1/72 scale figures. There are many sets of Roman figures available. Check out the Plastic Soldier Review to see all the possibilities. Figures should be mounted two per base, cavalry bases are 1.5" square, infantry bases are .75" x 1.5". Mounted commanders are based singly on .75" x 1.5" bases. All units were six bases in size - 3 bases in the front rank, three in the rear rank. Here are some paper soldiers you can print and use: colored paper soldiers, black & white paper soldiers. The black & white soldiers can be reproduced on a copying machine (print opposing armies on different colored paper) or given to the kids to color.

Caesar's Army (all units 6 bases)

Overall Commander: Julius Caesar
3 Additional Commanders
4 units Skirmishers
12 units Infantry
3 units Cavalry

Pompey's Army (all units 6 bases )

Overall Commander: Pompey
Cavalry Commander: Labenius
2 Additional Commanders
4 units Skirmishers
15 units Infantry
5 units Cavalry

The Board: The terrain was flat and a 7.5' X 5' foot table was used.

Deployment: The armies begin at least 18" inches apart. Historically Pompey deployed all his cavalry on his left wing, Caesar put his cavalry on the right wing to face them (backed up with infantry).

Sequence of Play:
1.Caesar Moves
2. Caesar Shoots
3. Pompey Moves
4. Pompey Shoots
5. Charge into Melee
6. Melee

Movement: All foot units move 6". Commanders and cavalry move 12." A unit can not move closer than 1" from the enemy except during charges.

**Move & Charge**
Infantry	6"
Cavalry & Commanders	12"

Shooting: Only skirmishers are allowed to shoot. Eligible units may only fire at targets in front of them, they can not fire to the side or rear. Roll 1D6 for each base that shoots. Every 6 rolled is a hit and one base is removed from the targeted unit. If any part of a unit is in range the entire unit may fire. Units that are engaged in melee may not fire, and may not be targeted.

**Shooting Table**
Unit	Range	Hit #
Skirmishers	6"	6

Charge into Melee: Both sides may charge into melee. This is the only way to get into melee. Foot units may charge up to 6," cavalry may charge 12". Units may only charge if they can reach an enemy unit. If it matters Caesar's army charges first.

Melee: Each side rolls 1D6 for each base in the fight. Both sides roll simultaneously. The Melee table shows the number needed to score hits. Remove one enemy base for every hit. If both units still have bases left they remain engaged and fight again next turn. If a unit is attacked on the flank or rear it may only fight with two bases during the first turn of melee. On subsequent rounds of melee all the bases may fight.

**Melee**
Weapon	Hit #
Cavalry	5-6
Infantry & Skirmishers	6
Commanders	4-6
Any vs. Skirmishers	4-6

Last Stand: If a unit is reduced to one base this last base is removed immediately. This rule does not apply to elephants

Commanders: Commanders may not be targeted individually. If they are attached to a unit they count as an extra base in melee (but not shooting). Caesar counts as two extra bases in melee. If the unit they are attached to fights in melee or is completely eliminated by shooting roll 1D6. If the roll is a 6 then the commander is eliminated.

**Melee**
Weapon	Hit #
Cavalry	5-6
Infantry & Skirmishers	6
Commanders	4-6
Any vs. Skirmishers	4-6

**Shooting Table**
Unit	Range	Hit #
Skirmishers	6"	6

**Move & Charge**
Infantry	6"
Cavalry & Commanders	12"

< Home >

Resources

"The Battle of Pharsalus" by Alan Medd, Warhammer Ancient Battles scenario, Wargames Journal
"The Battle of Pharsalus (48 BC)" by Chris Jones, DBA scenario at the Fanaticus web site
"Caesar's Triumph" by Wally Simon, PW Review, Oct. 1995

You can read this, other rule guides, links and get loads of paper soldiers when you visit Junior General.

Read Donald Featherstone

2008-11-30T14:15:00.002-05:00

Wargaming became a passion of mine after reading Donald Featherstone. Reading his material yourself might do the same for you.

Visit my store where you will find many a treasure.

Let's Not Forget Our Treasured Ones

2008-11-29T13:43:00.000-05:00

Flowers say it all.

The Black Brigade Discovered

2008-11-29T13:28:00.002-05:00

I have collected and painted an WWII Italian army, but I am fascinated by finding new troops to model. Here is The Black Brigade. I found it on the - you guessed it - the Junior General. I certainly plan to add this unit to my European Italian army.

Steaks For A Change - Food for Thought

2008-11-29T13:18:00.001-05:00

Normally, I wouldn't include something's outside the hobby, but I've had enough turkey to last quite a while. I fondly remembered the wonderful steaks I enjoyed from Omaha Steaks. Give them try. You'll be glad you did.

In the meantime, visit my store. I have some unpainted soldiers available for sale. Hurry while they are still available.

To-Down Troops for Your Games

2008-11-28T10:08:00.003-05:00

After years of painting figures, mounting them, and all the rest, I have to admit I am fascinated with the concept of creating usable top-down markers for a game. Here's an example from Junior General. Visit them and learn from the masters. They're certainly easy to clean up.

An Idea to Toy With

2008-11-28T09:58:00.001-05:00

I know I've toyed with the concept of using Lego pieces to construct an interesting wargame scenario. Their range is broad enough.

Shop the LEGO Star Wars Collection

Give The Perfect Gift

2008-11-13T12:53:00.001-05:00

Every Gamer Has A soft Spot In Their Heart for...

2008-11-06T10:06:00.000-05:00

Do You Cell Phone?

2008-11-06T09:38:00.000-05:00

Let's Not Forget The Little Lady...

2008-11-06T09:04:00.001-05:00

Against The Scourge of God - Attila!

2008-11-02T00:11:00.004-04:00

Against the Scourge of God - The Battle of Chalons (451 AD)
Fast and Easy Rules for Students < Home > By Matt Fritz

Historical Background: The Huns were fearsome nomadic horsemen from the steppes of Central Europe. The Hunnic tribes routinely raided and pillaged their neighbors, and each other. The famed Attila was able to unite many of the tribes under his leadership. His devastating attacks on the Christian peoples of Europe earned Attila the nickname "The Scourge of God." In 451 AD Attila led a large army west across the Rhine River. After rampaging through Gaul for a time the Huns were confronted by an army commanded by the Roman general Aetius and the Visigoth General Theodoric. At the battle of Chalons the Hunnic invasion was turned back. This decisive victory saved Western Europe from the Huns. The following year Attila led the Huns into Italy instead of trying another attack in the west. The threat of the Huns began to decline after the death of Attila in 453 AD.

Battle 1: They Huns advanced piecemeal in the center and got a bloody nose. King Sangiban and the Alans were able to gang up on the first two Hunnic units that moved up without support. But this taught Attila a valuable lesson and he turned the tables on them in a hurry. Since the Huns outnumbered the Alans the Hun commanders charged half of the Alan units, pinning them, while they ganged up and shot the rest of the Alans to bits. This blew a giant hole in the center of the Roman battle line. Hunnic units rapidly moved to exploit the opening and roll up both flanks. On the Roman left the Roman infantry were slowly winning the battle until the Huns came riding in on their flanks and rear. It was beginning to look like a rout for Attilla's boys. Leaders were going down all over the place, except for Attila himself. Aetius challenged Attila, but the Hun wisely refused to take the bait. On the other side of the board King Theodoric had prudently kept his heavy cavalry in reserve, and they hit the Huns head on. That stopped their momentum. During the last few turns it looked like the Visigoths were going to save the day, but the Huns eked out a victory.

Rules

The Miniatures: The battle can be played with plastic 1/72 scale figures. There are many fine sets of Roman figures available. Check out the Plastic Soldier Review to see all the possibilities - the HaT late Romans would be an excellent choice. HaT also makes a set of Visigoth infantry. Lucky Toys has a very nice set of mounted Huns. You may also substitute. Some of the various "barbarian" sets of figures, or Mongols could be used to fill out the armies. Figures should be mounted two per base, cavalry bases are 1.5" square, infantry bases are .75" x 1.5". Mounted commanders are based singly on .75" x 1.5" bases. All units were six bases in size - 3 bases in the front rank, three in the rear rank. Here are some paper soldiers you can print and use: colored paper soldiers, black & white paper soldiers. The black & white soldiers can be reproduced on a copying machine (print opposing armies on different colored paper) or given to the kids to color.

Romans (all units have 6 bases)

Left Wing (Romans, Franks, Germans)
Commander: Flavius Aetius (Overall Commander)
1 unit Heavy Cavalry
5 units Infantry

Center (Alans)
Commander: King Sangiban
1 unit Heavy Cavalry
4 units Light Cavalry

Right Wing (Visigoths)
Commanders: King Theodoric & Prince Thorismund
3 units Heavy Cavalry
3 units Infantry

Huns (all units have 6 bases)

Left Wing (Ostrogoths)
Commanders: Walamir, Theodemir, Videmir
2 units Heavy Cavalry
3 units Skirmish Archers

Center (Huns)
Commander: Attila (Overall Commander)
2 units Heavy Cavalry
5 units Light Cavalry

Right Wing (Gepids & Germans)
Commander: Ardaric
4 units Infantry
1 unit Skirmish Archers

The Board: A 7.5 X 5 foot table was used. There is a hill on the Roman left which must be modeled. Otherwise the terrain can be considered flat.

Deployment: Each army must deploy in their box. No unit may start closer than 18" from the enemy.

Sequence of Play:
1. Huns Move
2. Huns Shoot
3. Romans Move
4. Romans Shoot
5. Charge into Melee
6. Melee

Movement: All infanry move and charge 6", cavalry and commanders move and charge 12". Units may not move closer than 1" from the enemy except during charges

**Move & Charge**
Infantry	6"
Cavalry & Commanders	12"

Shooting: All the Hun units have bows and may shoot. Light cavalry and skirmish archers can also shoot. Eligible units may only fire at enemy targets that are in front of them. Roll 1D6 for each base in range (up to 12"). Every 6 is a hit and one enemy base is removed. If any part of a unit is in range the entire unit may fire. Units that are engaged in melee may not fire, and may not be targeted.

Charge into Melee: Both sides may charge into melee. If it makes a difference the Huns make their charges first. This is the only way to get into melee. Foot units may charge up to 6", cavalry may charge 12". Units may only charge if they can reach an enemy unit.

Melee: Each side rolls 1D6 for each base in the fight. The Melee table shows the number needed to score hits. Remove one enemy base for every hit. Both sides roll simultaneously. If both units still have bases left they remain engaged and fight again next turn. If a unit is attacked from the side or rear it may fight with only two bases during the first round of melee. On subsequent rounds it may fight with all bases.

**Melee**
Unit	Hit #
Infantry, Light Cavalry, Skirmish Archers	6
Heavy Heavy Cavalry	5-6
Any vs. Skirmish Archers	4-6
Commanders	4-6

Higher Ground: A unit has an advantage in melee if it is fighting on higher ground than its opponent. A unit in such a position gets to roll one extra die in melee.

Last Base: If a unit is reduced to one base this last base is removed immediately.

Commanders: Commanders may not be targeted individually. If they are attached to a unit they count as an extra base in melee (but not shooting). If the unit they are attached to is completely eliminated by shooting or fights in melee roll 1D6. If the roll is a 6 then the commander is eliminated.

Resources:

"The Huns" by Neil Hammond, a very informative series of articles in Saga #49 - 51
"The Battle of Chalons, " a DBA scenario at the Fanaticus web site, primary source for OB

< Home >

**Melee**
Unit	Hit #
Infantry, Light Cavalry, Skirmish Archers	6
Heavy Heavy Cavalry	5-6
Any vs. Skirmish Archers	4-6
Commanders	4-6

**Shooting Table**
Weapon	Range
Archery	12"

**Move & Charge**
Infantry	6"
Cavalry & Commanders

This rule set and game came from one of my favorite sites, Junior General. Visit the site and I'm sure you'll find much to enjoy there.

The Holidays Are Fast Approaching!

2008-10-28T09:54:00.000-04:00

The Holidays Are Fast Approaching!

The Battle of Waterloo,18 June 1815

2008-05-30T00:06:00.000-04:00

The Battle of Waterloo, 18 June 1815

Dawn of 18 June 1815 found the French Army of the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte seemingly on the verge of its greatest victory. After a mere twelve days of marching and fighting, the French had succeeded in splitting the Prussian Army under Blucher from Wellington's Army for what looked to be the decisive battle of the campaign. Along a frontage of 15,000 yards, some 72,000 French troops (many of them veterans of long service) supported by 246 guns faced a motley collection of 68,000 British recruits, Hanoverian and Brunswicker levies, and barely-serviceable Netherlander militia feebly supported by a mere 156 guns. In appraising the possibilities of the situation, Napoleon dismissed the coming battle as 'an affair of a morning'. He was never more wrong.
Despite the brittleness of his army, Wellington had a number of factors working in his favor that day in Belgium. One was the strength of his position on the reverse slope of a slight ridge. Another was the weather. The rains of the previous day and night had left the fields and pastures separating the two armies sodden and slippery, putting the French (who would be advancing) at a disadvantage and delaying the start of the battle for some hours. Most importantly, Wellington had arranged with Blucher for the Prussians (whom Napoleon believed to be retreating eastward after their mauling at Ligny two days previous) to advance in support of the soon-to-be-beleaguered Anglo-Allied Army.
The battle opened at 1150 with a cannonade and one-division assault on Hougomont, a walled manor constituting a sort of natural redoubt guarding the approach to the Allied right. Designed as a diversion to draw Wellington's reserves away from the real point of attack, this assault miscarried and had to be supported. As the day wore on, more and more of the French II corps was fed into the assault on this almost impregnable position, and gradually the battle for Hougomont came to take on a life of its own, separate from the rest of the battle. In any event, Wellington fed troops into this isolated battle piecemeal, a company at a time, and it thus failed in its purpose.
By 1334, Napoleon was ready to launch his main effort, an attack by D'Erlon's corps on the Allied center. Four divisions advanced, overrunning the Allied advanced positions. An entire Allied division broke in the face of the onslaught. All seemed to be going as planned. With the commitment of Picton's 5th division, however, the line was stabilized. After an hour long firefight, the French admitted defeat in the assault and withdrew.
Meanwhile, the Prussians had been sighted advancing on the French right and Napoleon was forced both to hurry his attack on Wellington and to detach forces to fight a holding action against the new threat. During the next several hours, the French fought a fierce action against the Prussians around Plancenoit while vainly trying to break the Anglo-Allied line with cavalry alone. Both actions ultimately failed and the emperor on a gambler's throw committed his last reserve, the Imperial Guard, against Wellington's severely stressed line in an effort to break the Allied center before the Prussians could organize to crush his right. At 1930 the Guard advanced to be met by the massed fire of the British Guards. After a brief firefight, it was the French who broke, engendering cries of 'Le Guard recule!' from the shocked rankers who promptly fled themselves. Seeing the effect of the repulse on French morale, Wellington ordered a general advance which swept the demoralized enemy from the field. The day which had begun with the promise of Napoleon's greatest victory ended in his most decisive defeat.
David Ritchie
From: Napoleon of Waterloo, 2nd Edition, December 1979.

Fightin' for the Pharoah

2008-04-06T02:10:00.002-04:00

Another easy set of rules from Junior General

Fightin' for the Pharaoh
Fast Play Rules for the Battle of Kadesh (1300 BC)
By Matt Fritz

Historical Background: The chariot was an effective weapon during the Bronze Age. In Egypt they favored a light, highly maneuverable chariot from which the rider could fire arrows at the enemy. The Hittites used a heavier chariot designed to drive into the enemy, delivering a heavy blow at close quarters. The two empires came into conflict over the rich lands of Syria, which lay between their respective spheres of influence. Pharaoh Rameses II was the first to arrive at the strategic city of Kadesh. He settled into a fortified camp to await the arrival of the rest of his army. Only he didn't arrive first. King Muwatallish was camped near by, with his entire army. The Hittite king sent a stong force of chariots to attack. They first encountered a corps of the Egyptian army on the march, and scattered it. Next they moved to attack the Egyptian camp. The Hittite chariots succeeded in invading the camp, but the attack bogged down. The Pharaoh's Sherden bodyguards defended the camp, and Rameses himself rallied his chariots and counterattacked. They drove off the Hittites, and pursued them. Then the Hittite King led another force of chariots to attack the now lightly defended Egyptian camp. Egyptian reinforcements arrived just in time to foil the attack. The battle was an Egyptian victory, however a peace treaty between the two sides was soon completed that gave control of the area to the Hittites.

Battle 1: The Hittite advance force immediately rushed to attack the Egyptian camp. The Pharaoh and his chariots challenged them but were quickly swept from the field. The Pharaoh took refuge in the camp where his Sherden guards were putting up a strong defense. The Egyptian reinforcements arrived just as the situation looked bleak. The Pharaoh sent messages to the advancing Ne'arin ordering them to waste no time in coming to his aid. They complied, rushing to save their leader. King Muwatallish led his reinforcements across the Orontes, intent on intercepting the Ne'arin.

The Hittite reinforcements, with the King leading the way, rushed headlong into the advancing Egyptians and right into a trap. The King's men sacrificed themselves so their leader could escape. King Muwatallish rode out of the trap, cheating death as arrows rained down all around him. Meanwhile the Hittites overran the Egyptian camp, massacring the Sherden and looting the baggage while the Pharaoh fled for his life. He made it safely to the Ne'arin, but the Hittites controlled the field and claimed a narrow victory.

Battle 2: The Hittites quickly destroyed the small Egyptian chariot force, but the camp was a much tougher nut to crack. Under the inspirational leadership of the Pharaoh the Sherden defended the camp like lions. The Hittite attack stalled. They would need reinforcements to take the position. Fortunately there were more chariots on the way. King Muwatallish split his reinforcements, sending half of them to intercept the Ne'arin, and the other half to bolster the attack on the camp. Under increasing pressure, the Pharaoh abandoned the camp and took command of the Ne'arin. The Hittites crushed the Sherden and plundered the camp.

Outside the camp the Ne'arin gained the upper hand. The increasingly desperate Hittites concentrated on eliminating the Egyptian chariots. The tactic was effective, but the Egyptian infantry proved tougher than expected, and the Hittites began to crumble. Watching his army dissolve around him King Muwatallish had one last card to play. Riding forward he boldly challenged the Pharaoh to face him in personal combat. With his men watching, the Pharaoh dared not refuse. The chariots carrying the two great men raced towards one another. The Pharaoh fired his bow, missing badly. Roaring into close range the King's spear found its target, and the Pharaoh fell from his chariot with a mortal wound. The stunned Egyptian army abandoned the field. King Muwatallish had stolen a victory, while losing his army.

Rules

The Armies: Right now no company is producing 1/72 plastic figures suitable for this battle. Atlantic/Nexus made Egyptians which are good if you can find them. Caesar is planning to produce both Egyptians and Hittites. In the meantime here are some paper soldiers you can print and use: colored paper soldiers, black & white paper soldiers. Foot figures are mounted two to a base, chariots are based individually. Base sizes were .75" x 1.5" for infantry, 2.5" x 1" for chariots. Foot units have six bases arranged in a double rank line. Chariots have three bases in a line.

Egyptians (Foot units have six bases, chariots have three bases)

Defending Camp
Pharaoh Rameses II (Overall Commander)
8 units of Chariots
5 units of Sherden Guards

Reserve Force (Ne'arin) Enter Turn 3
8 units of Chariots
5 units of Infantry
5 units of Archers
Hittites (all units have three bases)

Advance Force
15 units of Chariots

Second Force Enter Turn 3
King Muwatallish (Overall Commander)
15 units of Chariots

The Board: The terrain was flat and a 7.5 X 5 foot table was used. The Egytian camp and River Orontes must be modeled. The camp was surrounded by a shield wall, which seems to have been an earthen embankment topped by Egyptian shields. You can simply mark the location of the walls, or print and use these paper models: colored, black & white. The river could be drawn with marker, or represented by blue felt.

Deployment: The Egyptian forces defending the camp must deploy within the camp, or within 6" of the shield wall. The Hittite Advance Force deploys as indicated on the map, not closer than 12" from any Egyptian unit. The Egyptian Reserve Force and Hittie Second Force enter on turn three as shown on the map.

Sequence of Play:
1. Egyptians Move
2. Egyptians Shoot
3. Hittites Move
4. Charge into Melee
5. Melee

Movement: All infantry units move 6", chariots move 12". Hittite chariots are limited to one 90 degree turn during their move. Egyptian chariots can make two 90 degree turns during their move.

Shooting: Only archers and Egyptian chariots (including the Pharaoh) are allowed to shoot. They have a range of 12". Roll 1D6 for each archer base or Egyptian chariot in range. Every 6 is a hit and one enemy base is removed. The Pharaoh hits on a 5 or 6. If any part of a unit is in range the entire unit may fire. Units that are engaged in melee may not fire, and may not be targeted.

Charge into Melee: Both sides may charge into melee. This is the only way to get into hand-to-hand fighting. Foot units may charge up to 6", chariots may charge 12". Units may only charge if they can reach an enemy unit in front of them. If it matters, Hittites charge first.

Melee: Each side rolls 1D6 for each base in the fight. The Melee Table shows the number needed to score hits. Remove one enemy base for every hit. Both sides roll simultaneously. If both units still have stands left they remain engaged and fight again next turn.

Last Stand: When a unit is reduced to a single base the last base is immediately removed.

Leaders: The King and Pharaoh may not be targeted individually. If they are attached to a unit they count as an extra base in melee. If the unit they are attached to loses bases in melee roll 1D6. If the roll is a 6 then the leader is eliminated.

The Egyptian Camp: The Egyptian camp was a difficult place for chariots to fight, and the lure of plunder distracted the Hittite attackers. Chariots fighting a melee against an enemy in the camp have their hit number reduced by one - Egyptians chariots would hit on a 6, Hittite chariots would hit on a 5 or 6.

Chariot bases: Each chariot base is counted as two bases when shooting, fighting in melee, and removing casualties. When a chariot unit suffers a single casualty this is represented by turning one base backwards. The backwards base then counts as a single base.

Flank Attacks: Units that charge an enemy unit on the flank or rear gain an advantage. The flanked unit may only fight back with two bases. This advantage applies only on the first turn of melee.

Crossing the River: A unit crossing the river must end its move with the front rank of the unit in the middle of the river. This unit may not charge during this turn, and if charged by the enemy it may not fight back. These restrictions only apply during the turn they enter the river. On the next turn they may move and fight normally.

Melee Unit Hit #
Archers 6
Infantry / Sherden Guards
5-6
Egyptian Chariots 5-6
Hittite Chariots
4-6
King / Pharaoh
4-6
Movement Infantry 6"
Chariots 12"

Buy "Field Of Glory" Today

2008-04-02T17:58:00.002-04:00

I have this book and I love it. It has great photos and the rules are pretty good as well.

Fast-Play Alamo Rules

2008-02-03T00:54:00.000-05:00

I found these rules on Junior General - they're mainly designed to encourage kids to get involved in wargaming the Alamo. Visit the site. There's a world of useful information.

Make 'em Eat Snakes - Fast Play Rules for the Storming of the Alamo
By Matt Fritz

Version 2: I made some changes to these rules. The original version can be found here. These rules have always given me a good battle, so the changes were minor.

Historical Background: In 1836 Texas was still a part of Mexico. But the Texans revolted against the autocratic rule of President Santa Anna. The most famous battle of the Texas War for Independence occurred at a crumbling old Spanish mission on the outskirts of San Antonio. Davy Crockett reportedly said that the Mexicans would "eat snakes" before they got into the Alamo. Four thousand Mexican soldiers stormed the walls of the Alamo, killing all of the defenders. Among those killed were the legendary Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie. Although this was a defeat for the Texans they won their independence later at the battle of San Jacinto. Shouting, "Remember the Alamo" the Texans routed the Mexican army, captured Santa Anna, and secured their independence. Ten years later Texas joined the United States, an event that helped ignite the Mexican American War.

Battle Reports - This game was played twice with my students (grades 6 - 8)

Battle 1: The Mexican commanders focused their attacks on the vulnerable log palisade in the North and a breach in the wall in the South. The Mexican columns approached the walls of the Alamo in perfect discipline, undaunted by cannon fire. As they neared the walls a deadly volley of musket fire met them, and all the columns hesitated. For a moment it looked like the Mexicans might retreat without a real fight. But Santa Anna rode up and urged them forward. Mexicans started breaking through the palisade but they were scattered by a withering fire from the defenders, including a large group of Crockett's Tennessee volunteers. Santa Anna was forced to send in his reserves earlier than he'd planned.

The stout defense continued. One column of Mexican infantry managed to force their way through the breach in the wall only to find out it was a trap. Receiving fire from all directions they were forced to retreat. However another column of Mexicans had succeeded in raising their ladders and had gained a foothold on the walls. They held off desperate Texican counterattacks, and soon the Mexicans were on the walls in force. They rapidly cleared the walls with their bayonets and finished off the last of the defenders, including Crockett, in the courtyard. They had won a hard fought victory.

Battle 2: In the second battle the Mexicans spread out their attacks. A small column of men attacked the south wall without support, and was shot to pieces. Only a handful of men made it to the walls. In the North accurate cannon fire stopped two Mexican columns, then forced them to retreat. Santa Anna had his hands full trying to rally his reluctant men. Two strong columns succeeded in reaching the East wall where they began the difficult task of scaling the walls in the face of the well armed defenders. It was rough going, but eventually they turned the tide and began sweeping the walls of Texicans.

The Mexican reinforcements arrived just in time to revive the attack in the North, and soon the Mexicans were pouring into the Alamo from two directions. Crockett tried to form a new defensive line in the courtyard but he was overrun by Mexican infantry. The last survivors tried to hide on top of the chapel, but there was no escape. It was another narrow victory for the Mexicans.

The Armies: I decided to go with 1/72 scale plastic figures for both armies. I bought six boxes of Airfix 1/72 scale French Waterloo Infantry. This provided enough figures for 58 bases of four Mexicans, including six command bases with a flag and drummer, and a mounted figure for Santa Anna (with a few leftovers). The Airfix figures are really lousy. Imex has now come out with a set of Mexican infantry. When they were finished the Mexicans were mounted on pieces of cardboard (four figures in a row). One box of Imex Alamo Defenders gave me 50 nice Texans, including New Orleans Grays, and figures for Crockett, Bowie, and Travis. These are nice figures, and I highly recommend them. The Texan's artillery came from two boxes of IMEX Union and Confederate Artillery. This will give you twelve cannons. I used figures from the Alamo Defenders set as gunners (one per cannon). The Texans were mounted individually. Here are some paper soldiers you can print and use: Mexicans colored, Texicans colored, Mexicans black & white, Texicans black & white. The black & white soldiers can be reproduced on a copying machine (print opposing armies on different colored paper) or given to the kids to color.

Building the Alamo: Following my keep it simple philosophy I made the walls out of empty aluminum foil boxes. These were spray painted white, and some textured paint was used to improve the look. The church was a cardboard box that was given the same spray paint treatment. The Alamo measured about 36" x 24". I made a log palisade and some assault ladders out of paper. Here's a paper palisade and ladder you can print and use: color palisade & ladder, black & white palisade and ladder. The table was 7.5' x 5', which is a bit too small. Only the front of some Mexican columns could fit on the table. The remaining figures remained off board until the columns moved forward.

Deployment: All the Alamo defenders should be deployed on the walls. One figure is needed to crew each cannon. After the Texans have been placed the Mexicans should plan the attack. Their force of 58 bases should be divided into 6 assault columns. There must be one command base per column, and each column must include at least six bases. Five of the assault columns should be placed 18" from the walls of the Alamo, facing any part of the Alamo that the Mexican commander chooses. The sixth column will be the reserve. It should be kept off table, but the Mexican commander must secretly record where it will enter the table. Santa Anna starts anywhere at least 18" from the Alamo.

Objective: The Mexicans must eliminate all the defenders in order to win a victory. Defenders may not leave the Alamo.

The Rules:
Preliminary Bombardment: The Mexicans have three batteries for the bombardment. These don't have to be represented by models on the board. The Texans have twelve cannons for counter battery fire. These must be placed on the walls, and may not be moved from their starting locations. There will be 5 rounds (days) of bombardment. Each round the Mexicans decide which wall their cannons will be facing. They may relocate their guns every day. Roll 1D6 for each battery. A hit is scored if the battery rolls a 6. Each hit either creates a breach or destroys a Texan cannon, the Mexicans get to choose which. Remove any cannons that are destroyed. If a breach is created you can mark this by putting a small pile of gravel at the correct location. Each breach is the width of one Mexican stand of infantry. After the Mexican batteries fire the Texans can reply with any cannons that are facing the Mexican batteries. Roll 1D6 for each Texan gun. If a 6 is rolled then one Mexican battery is eliminated. Continue the duel with the surviving guns until five rounds have been completed.

Sequence of Play:
Texans Fire
Mexican Morale Checks
Texans Move
Resolve Melees
Mexicans Move
Resolve Melees

Texans Fire : The range for small arms fire is 7". Each Texan figure may shoot if there are enemy bases in range, and the figure is not operating a cannon Texans eliminate one Mexican base if they roll a 6 on 1D6. It takes one Texan figure to fire a cannon. Cannons have unlimited range. Cannons on the corner of a wall have an arc of fire of 270 degrees; a cannon off the corner has an arc of fire of 180 degrees. Cannons may not be moved, and may not fire into the Alamo. Cannons hit if they roll a 6 on 1D6. Each hit eliminates one Mexican base. If a Mexican column has not reached the wall and it loses one or more bases to Texan fire then you must check to see if the command base was a casualty. Roll 1D6 for each base lost this turn. If you roll a 6 then the command base is removed instead of one of the regular bases. There is no need to check for this after the column reaches the wall because the command base functions as a normal stand after reaching the wall.

Texans Move : Each figure may move up to 6". Cannons may not be moved.

Resolve Melees: A melee is fought when a Mexican column is in contact with one or two Texans (only two Texans can attack a Mexican base). The Mexican column rolls 4 dice, and eliminates a Texan base on rolls of 4 - 6. Roll one die for each Texan base, and they need a 6 to eliminate the Mexican base..

Mexican Morale: Mexican columns that have not reached the wall must check morale every turn. Once the column reaches the wall it no longer checks morale. There are three morale states: Advancing (move 6" forward), Halted (stand in place), and Retreating (move 6" away from the wall). Turning the lead base around to face the rear marks a halted column. A retreating column has all of its base turned to the rear. Each turn roll 2D6 for each column. If the modified roll is 5 or more, it improves one morale level. If it's modified roll is 4 or less it goes down one level.

Modifiers:
-1 for each base lost this turn
-3 if command base was lost this turn
-1 if command base was lost in a previous turn
+2 if Santa Anna is within 1" of the column (he may only help one column each turn)

Mexican Move: Columns that have not reached the wall move according to their morale level. Once a column reaches a wall it may move one base to the left and right of the lead base each turn. Bases that start a turn next to a wall may attempt to scale the wall, or cross a breach. Once a base has made it onto the walls or crossed a breach it may move 6" per turn on its own.

Scaling the Walls: A base that has enemy figures on the wall in front of it may climb the walls by rolling a 4-6 on 1D6. If successful the base is placed on the wall and will fight a melee with the enemy bases in its path. If it fails it must stand in place until next turn. If no enemy figures are on the wall then the Mexican base climbs successfully on a roll of 2-6.

Crossing a Breach or palisade: If the breach is defended the Mexicans may automatically send one base per turn through it to melee with the defenders. If the breach is undefended then two bases may move 6" through the breach each turn. The palisade on the South wall is treated as a breach.

Special Figures: The Texans have several special figures with exceptional abilities -
Davy Crockett: Crockett hits with his rifle on a roll of 3-6. He kills a stand in melee on a roll of 5-6.
Col. Travis: Travis hits with a roll of 5-6 with his rifle, and in melee.
Jim Bowie: Bowie shoots successfully with a roll of 5-6, and hits in melee on a roll of 4-6. Because he is ill he may not move from his starting position.
Dickinson: He is in charge of the artillery. The gun he is operating hits on a 5-6, and he hits on a 5-6 in melee.

Santa Anna & Mexican Reserves: Santa Anna is a special figure for the Mexicans. He may move 24". He may not enter the Alamo, and is immune to Texan fire. He may help rally one Mexican column each turn by moving next to it. He adds +2 to its morale check. Santa Anna can order the Mexican reserve column to attack during any Mexican movement turn, but it must attack from the direction determined before the battle. The reserve column starts 18" from the Alamo with a morale of "Advancing," and may move 6" forward on the turn it is deployed.

Acknowledgements: The rules for this battle are adapted from "Remember the Alamo!" by George Knapp, which appeared in MWAN 100. I found the article while browsing on Magweb. The original rules are excellent. For the most part the changes I have made are to simplify the game so that they will work well with my students aged 10-13. The battle can be completed in less than two hours. The Mexicans will suffer a much higher casualty rate than they did historically, but the game moves quickly and is fun. I urge you to check out Mr. Knapp's original rules if you are looking for a more detailed battle.

Resources
"Remember the Alamo!" by George Knapp, MWAN #100 July-August 1999
"Going it Alone - The Solo Wargamer's Corner" by Rich Barbuto, MWAN #90 & 91 Nov. - Dec. 1997, Jan. - Feb. 1998
"Alamo Fast Play Rules" by John McBride, www.magweb.com
"Santa Anna Rules" by Buck Surdu, MWAN #94 July-Aug. 1998

One Great Site To Visit - And Marvel!

2007-12-16T22:42:00.000-05:00

A friend of mine clued me into Junior General, a truly clever site. There you will find tons of material, ranging from free rules, tips, historical information and paper soldiers. I have spent many hours on this remarkable site, hopping from Page to page. I have been planning to use some of their paper soldiers for those historical areas I don't have the figures for, yet would like to explore. Give them a try. I'll write of my experiences here.

Kodak EasyShare V1003 Digital Camera, Midnight Black

2007-11-17T21:44:00.001-05:00

$259.95 and free shipping!

Manufacturer Kodak
Manufacturer Part # 1613736
Digital Camera Resolution 10.0 Megapixel
Optical Sensor Type CCD
Total Pixels 6,400,000 pixels
Effective Sensor Resolution 6,100,000 pixels
Light Sensitivity Auto: ISO 80–200
Manual: 80, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1250 selectable
Shutter Speed 4 sec. to 1/1400 sec.
Exposure Metering Center weighted
Exposure Modes Program, automatic
Exposure Compensation ±2.0 EV with 0.3 EV steps
Shooting Programs High-ISO, portrait, night portrait, landscape, night landscape, beach, text, flower, children, fireworks, party, self portrait, close-up, sports, snow, backlight, manner/museum, sunset, panorama, candelight
White Balance Automatic, presets
White Balance Presets Auto, daylight, tungsten, fluorescent, open shade
Still Image Format JPEG/EXIF v2.21
Continuous Shooting Speed 2 frames per second
Memory / Storage Flash Memory MultiMediaCard, SD Memory Card
Integrated Memory 32 MB
Camera Flash Flash Modes Auto, Fill, Off, Red eye
Flash Range 2.0–11.5 ft (0.6–3.5 m) at wide, ISO 200
2.0–6.6 ft (0.6–2.0 m) at tele, ISO 200
Lens System Type Zoom lens
Focal Length Normal: 2 ft (0.6 m)–infinity
Macro, wide: 3.9 in.–2.3 ft (0.1–0.7 m)
Macro, tele: 7.9 in.–2.3 ft (0.2–0.7 m)
Landscape: 32.8 ft (10 m)–infinity
Lens Aperture F/2.7-4.9
Optical Zoom 3.0x
Auto Focus TTL-AF, selectable: multi-zone (5 zones), center zone
Viewfinder Optical, real image zoom
Display Type 2.4" TFT Active Matrix LCD Display
Display Form Factor Built-in
Connectivity Connector Type USB
Expansion Slot(s) 1 x SD Memory Card
Power Optional KODAK EASYSHARE Docks with 1 KODAK Ni-MH Rechargeable Digital Camera Battery KAA2HR; 2 Ni-MH batteries AA, 2 lithium batteries AA; 1 KODAK Lithium Digital Camera Battery CRV3; KODAK Ni-MH 2100mAh Battery Pack, KODAK Digital Camera Battery AA (ZR6); KODAK Alkaline Digital Camera Batteries AA; 3 volt DC input AC adapter
Dimensions
(H x W x D) 2.6" x 3.5" x 1.4"
Weight 5.0 oz.
System Compatibility PC Windows XP, Windows 2000 or later
Mac Mac OS X 10.3 or later
Warranty One Year Limited Warranty
Includes in the Box Kodak EasyShare V1003 Zoom Digital Camera
Kodak Li-Ion Rechargeable Digital Camera Battery KLIC-7003
Carry strap
USB cable
5V AC adapter with power cord(s) for in-camera battery charging
Getting Started Guide with Kodak EasyShare Software Custom camera insert for optional Kodak EasyShare Camera and Printer Docks

Amazing quality prints with 10.0 megapixels
A whopping 10 megapixels means you can make stunning prints up to 30 × 40 in. (76 × 102 cm). Capture bright, beautiful color with KODAK Color Science. However you choose to print — at home, at retail, or online — trust Kodak for picture quality that’s truly exceptional and for memories that will last.

Xerox 3X optical zoom lens
The KODAK RETINAR 3X Optical Aspheric All Glass Lens captures crisp details. Its 3X optical zoom (35 mm equivalent: 36–108 mm) gets you closer to your subjects without reducing image quality. The 4X digital zoom enlarges your pictures even more.

The simple way to share
The V1003 is part of the KODAK EASYSHARE System, so sharing your pictures is amazingly simple. By pressing the exclusive On-camera Share button, sharing starts right on the back of the camera. Have a picture you want to share? Tag it by using the Share button and it will be ready to print or e-mail later. Use the Favorites feature to keep special pictures close without filling up your internal memory.

Here's what you get...

KODAK EASYSHARE V1003 Zoom Digital Camera
KODAK Li-Ion Rechargeable Digital Camera Battery KLIC-7003
Carry strap
USB cable
5V AC adapter with power cord(s) for in-camera battery charging
Getting Started Guide with KODAK EASYSHARE Software
Custom camera insert for optional KODAK EASYSHARE Camera and Printer Docks

What about the warranty?

Warranty Length: One Year
Covers: Parts and Labor
Details: Kodak warrants Kodak EasyShare digital cameras and accessories (excluding batteries) to be free from malfunctions and defects in both materials and workmanship for one year from the date of purchase. Retain the original dated sales receipt. Proof of the date of purchase will be required with any request for warranty repair.